Russkai︠a︡ t︠erkovʹ i drugie statʹi -- V temnykh religioznykh luchakh.

The concept of activity focuses on the uniqueness of human social life, which consists of the fact that men purposively transform objective nature and social reality. The characteristic feature of the social life of human beings is that it is manifested only through their activity, which has various aspects and forms.

The subject matter of the article is a standard cosmological model of the Universe. Contemporary opinion regarding origin, structure, and evolution of the Universe is of great interest. The answer to the question of the Universe origin is given by the Big Bang Theory. Is it possible to be sure in this theory correctness, which persuading of the Universe origination from the singularity fluctuation, when the World had appeared from nowhere, that is from abstract nothingness, further accelerated expansion of the (...) Universe following the Big Bang, and its development up to present with inexplicable source of energy for that. However, in the extreme end of the meta-universe the speed of stellar formations runaway is about the light velocity. Further, there is a new problem, the finiteness of the Universe. There are two counter-opinions, if the expanding Universe is finite or infinite. A very important question arises here, the question regarding isolatedness of the Universe as a system. The problem of the Universe heat death is closely connected with it. For this reason it is the time to discuss the Universe entropy. There is a short description of notions and problems with reference to this branch of knowledge, as well as of Doppler and Ritz effects alongside with Habble Law. The authors’ detailed interpretation of an entropy is also suggested. The analysis of the existing model is followed by the idea of the authors about the Universe organization. The style of the article is popular-science. In the first part of the article the existing concept of the Expanding Universe Theory and the dynamical Friedmann-Lemaitre models are described; it deals with the existing concept of the Big Bang Theory as well as the dark energy and the dark matter notions. In the second part the author gives detailed interpretation of an entropy. In the last part the problem of theoretical basis and fact nonconformity within the Expanding Universe Model Theory and the authors’ idea about the Universe organization are considered. (shrink)

The author draws attention to gnoseologically not enough investigated phenomenon of automorphism thinking. In the widely known works of F. Varela, and U. Maturana automorphism is associated mainly with the study of the adaptation of biological organisms. It appears, however, that the possibilities of this approach are more significant. The author believes that the driving force of thinking activity is the constructive combination. Cognitive morphogenesis processes as a free combination of symbolic forms, managed by rules of mental experimentation over one’s (...) own resources, resulting in the development of the spiritual world of a person. The ‘generation of meanings through distinction of meanings‘ logic is a lever that starts independent-functioning automatic processes. Such a spiritual auto-modelling generates symbolic morphisms – what is referred to as drawing ‘castles in the air‘, creating constructions without basement. The author comes to the conclusion that in scientific knowledge, as in poetry, all abilities of associative consciousness on the basis of auto-modelling mechanism are involved and they serve as indicators for creation of form. In this process tools of internal semantic transformations aimed at paramorph exposure of reality are applied. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the distinction between real-unreal content hidden under the name. The relations of mark with the concept and denotation are studied. These relations are manifested in such significant acts as characterization, attribution, interpretation, aimed at establishing the substantive values of the concepts. It is highlighted that ideological process identifies super-phrasal information about reality that lies at the intersection of ‘culture‘ and ‘nature‘. In formalized languages, the problem of connecting ‘meaningless‘ syntactic expressions with object-semantic structures is solved (...) by appeal to interpretation - a special procedure, which makes it possible to compare the names of objects and relations between them. In the circle of the interpretive procedure, the ‘empty‘ axiom, symbolic entries become statements about objects, areas of the world. Any suggestion corresponds to a statement about objects in a particular subject system. In natural languages, the relationship of signs with the object basis is set a) genealogically by rules of usage; b) metaphorically by tropic unification, equating with the introduction of harmony; c) didactically - by rules of definition and selection; d) metaphysically by expressing of philosophical indefinable. (shrink)

Phenomenological understanding is implemented as a two-phased act of attribution and identification of symbolic meanings. The theming of understanding as a mental process is engaged in semantics. On the formal side it looks so that signs - the associations, populations of abstract symbols - must be ‘translated‘ into substantive language in order to gain semiological, substantial, and meaningful identity. It is the task of semantics to work out the rules for such translation of symbolic expressions from symbolic to lexical-substantive-conceptual language (...) - a responsible movement from the abstract symbolization to specific identification. The identification has thee aspects: semiological, substantive, and semantic. The procedure of establishing the meaning is not semiotic; meaning, the truth of the characteristics of linguistic expressions constituents by appealing to non-linguistic values accumulating ‘supertext‘ information about the world. This procedure is defined by material coherence of the symbolicalness and the substantiveness, providing the link between language and objective thinking. (shrink)

On the basis of the idea of autopoetic system of human perception and reasoning, the author of the article proves the identity of truth and beauty. This identity is detected in the result of the manifestations of the ‘mental catharsis‘ inherent in the heuristic activity of the subject. The activity of the thinking subject is regulated by a mechanism of mental ordering, where the streamlining by beauty takes first place. Beauty as excess of the limit has no logical basis, but (...) it has systematic justification as a form complying its purpose. Purpose complying form is harmonious: ontologically this is manifested in the effectiveness, feasibility, and optimality as ‘vital force‘; this is manifested epistemically in reaching the depth and perfection as ‘mental strength‘. The formal aspect of ‘mental strength‘ is interpreted as logical isolation, the integration of thoughts, and coherence of parts in a whole. The content of ‘mental strength‘ is understood as synthetic system of elements combined in the unity of understanding. The unity of the understanding is the highest consolidation principle of thinking of the subject, based on the reasonable potency of the soul. Reasonable potency of the soul is emergent by its nature: the intelligence evolves by generating anticipatory concepts produced by creative autopoiesis, which develops promising ideas according to the laws of tropical connotative imagination-based approval. The operating mode of the imagination, intellectual browsing of possibilities, is supported by techniques of spontaneous changing the world, a phantasmagoric metamorphosis. That is a tropical unity of thought and speech material, which becomes joint according to the laws of harmony and beauty. (shrink)

We are demonstrating that the Luttinger model with short range interaction can be treated as a type of Fermi liquid. In line with the main dogma of Landau’s theory one can define a fermion excitation renormalized by interaction and show that in terms of these fermions any excited state of the system is described by free particles. The fermions are a mixture of renormalized right and left electrons. The electric charge and chirality of the Landau quasi-particle is discussed.

One of the most important philosophical principles in contemporary natural science is the principle of the universality of evolutionary development , which was argued with much force and depth in F. Engels's The Dialectics of Nature. For the more than a century that has passed since Engels's sweeping synthesis of knowledge in the natural sciences, his revelation of the unity of the processes of evolution in inanimate and animate nature, including the inevitably and law-governed appearance of its "highest flower, the (...) thinking mind," where appropriate conditions for that appearance arise, this principle of development has assisted in the achievement of many impressive advances. The general outlines of the evolutionary process of nature, in its infinite diversity, are now emerging in ever sharper relief, although our knowledge of that process still contains many rather serious lacunae. It is significant to note that the progress of natural science leads not only to modifications but often even to radical revisions of many notions about the evolution of nature, including those that seemed unchallengeable. (shrink)

This set reprints volumes that were orginally published by Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd. in 1953. Landmark volumes at the time of their original publication, these titles do not merely expound the theoretical constructions of Russian philosophers, but also relate these constructions to the general conditions of Russian life. Volume One examines the historical conditions of the development of philosophy in Russia and explores the general features of Russian philosophy. It also surveys the principal works on the history of Russian (...) philosophy. Volume Two includes biographies and examination of the themes of the following philosophers; Vladimir Solovyov, V.D. Kudryavtsev, N.F. Fyodorov and Later Hegelians such as Chicherin, Debolski and Bakunin. This volume also provides analysis of various schools of thought in Russian philosophy in the twentieth century, for example; Neo-Leibzianism, Modern Positivism and New-Marxism to name but a few. (shrink)